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1.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 54(1): e305, Enero 2, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407011

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: En 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró la emergencia de salud pública por SARS-CoV-21; el 11 de marzo de 2020 se notificó la pandemia global por COVID-19 y el gobierno colombiano decretó para todas las ciudades el aislamiento preventivo obligatorio2. Para el mes de mayo, Cali reportó 1635 casos de COVID confirmados y 85 fallecidos por un virus con un 4,95% de letalidad3. Lo anterior influenció de forma importante las rutinas alimentarias de las familias durante el primer trimestre del periodo de confinamiento. Considerando que esta situación era atípica en el país, era necesario describir la percepción del comportamiento alimentario durante este primer trimestre de aislamiento preventivo obligatorio en la ciudad de Cali, considerando las normas de bioseguridad establecidas para el periodo mencionado. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento alimentario de 1814 familias en Cali durante el primer trimestre de aislamiento preventivo obligatorio. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal, con técnica de encuesta. Se aplicó un instrumento virtual compuesto por 28 ítems, que indagó el comportamiento alimentario de las familias. Discusión: Se encontró que el 95,1% de los hogares percibió escasez y aumento de precios en alimentos que componen la canasta alimentaria familiar, y el 67,2% de las familias estuvieron preocupadas por la alimentación. Hubo un aumento en el consumo de alimentos y se modificó el número de tiempos de comida/día. Los hábitos alimentarios, ingesta de refrescos y consumo de alcohol también se modificaron durante confinamiento. Conclusiones: Se puede afirmar que durante el primer trimestre de cuarentena por COVID-19 en Cali se modificó el comportamiento alimentario de las familias encuestadas, una de las razones estuvo relacionada con un cambio en los ingresos económicos, que afectó la cantidad de dinero disponible para alimentos. Durante este periodo se modificaron también los tiempos de comida y la variedad en la ingesta de alimentos. En general, se describieron aspectos que afectaron la seguridad alimentaria de las familias.


Abstract Introduction: In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency due to SARS-CoV-21. On March 11, 2020, the global pandemic due to COVID-19 was declared, with which the Colombian government decreed mandatory preventive isolation in the country2. In May, Cali reported 1,635 confirmed COVID cases and 85 deaths from a virus with a 4.95 % case fatality rate3. This situation affected families eating routines during this period. Considering that this situation was atypical in the country, it was necessary to describe the perception of feeding behavior during this first trimester of mandatory preventive isolation in the city of Cali, considering the biosafety standards established by the national government. Objetive: To describe the feeding behavior of 1,814 families in Cali during the first trimester of mandatory preventive isolation. Methodology: Cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study. A virtual instrument composed of 28 items was applied, which investigated the feeding behavior of the families. Convenience sampling. Results: The results show that the economic income of families, as well as the distribution of expenses within the home, were affected in the evaluated period. In addition, it was found that 95.1 % of households perceived shortages and price increases in foods that make up the family food basket; 67.2% of families were concerned about food. There was an increase in food consumption and the number of perhaps consider, meals per day was modified. Eating habits, soft drink intake and alcohol consumption also changed during confinement in the evaluated time. Conclusions: It can be affirmed families modified their feeding behaviors during the first quarter of quarantine due to COVID-19. Because the economic income of families was affected, the money available for food purchases was affected as well. During this time, perhaps consider: meal frequencies and, in general, the variety in food intake was also modified. Finally, the results suggest perhaps consider: a negative effect in the food security of families.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Safety , Quarantine , Feeding Behavior , COVID-19
2.
FAVE, Secc. Cienc. vet. (En línea) ; 16(1): 50-57, jun. 2017. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1090347

ABSTRACT

La actividad antibacteriana de los sueros de bovino y de búfalo fue evaluada in vitro de manera indirecta con dos reacciones de inmunohemólisis: (i) un ensayo de hemólisis-hemoaglutinación sobre eritrocitos no sensibilizados de conejo y (ii) un ensayo de cinética de eritrocitos no sensibilizados de conejo frente a concentraciones crecientes de suero. La actividad bactericida de los sueros fue evaluada in vitro cuantificando la reducción de desarrollo de un inóculo de Escherichia coli en medio de cultivo enriquecido con suero de ambas especies. En el ensayo de hemólisis-hemoaglutinación, la hemólisis máxima se observó hasta la dilución 1:16 del suero de ambas especies. El mayor porcentaje de hemólisis se obtuvo con el suero de búfalo (84,7 ± 9,71%) respecto del suero bovino (71,0 ± 5,05%). Sin embargo no se hallaron diferencias en las diluciones de suero necesarias para obtener el 50% de la hemólisis total, siendo estas de 10,2 ± 2,48 para el suero de bovinos y de 11,8 ± 2,18 para el suero de búfalo. El suero de búfalo redujo el desarrollo bacteriano en un 69,8% respecto del 47,2% obtenido por el suero de bovino. No obstante estos resultados, se necesitarán estudios adicionales para corroborar estos hallazgos in vivo.


The antibacterial activity of serum of bovine and buffaloes was evaluated in vitro indirectly by two immunohemolysis assays: (i) an unsensitized rabbit blood cells hemolysis-hemagglutination assay and (ii) and a hemolytic-kinetic of unsensitized rabbit blood cells in function of increasing serum concentrations. The serum bactericidal activity was evaluated in vitro by quantifying the reduction of the development of an Escherichia coli inoculum in a culture medium enriched with serum of both species. In the hemolysis-hemagglutination assay, the máximum haemolysis was observed until a 1:16 serum dilution for both species. The highest percentage of hemolysis was obtained with buffalo serum (84.7 ± 9.71%) with respect to bovine serum (71.0 ± 5.05%). However, no differences were found in the serum dilutions necessary to obtain 50% of the total hemolysis, being these 10.2 ± 2.48 for the serum of cattle and 11.8 ± 2.18 for the serum of buffalo. Buffalo serum reduced bacterial growth by 69.8% compared to 47.2% obtained by bovine serum. Despite these results, additional studies will be needed to corroborate these findings in vivo.

3.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 73(3): 155-162, 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-515864

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: En relación al impacto de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) sobre el embarazo, la mayoría de la evidencia advierte sobre consecuencias negativas prenatales y postnatales para la madre y el feto. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de comportamientos alimentarios anormales en gestantes controladas en atención primaria, y analizar descriptiva y comparativamente las pacientes con estas actitudes en relación con variables maternas, del embarazo, rasgos psicológicos y conductuales. Método: 141 pacientes embarazadas fueron encuestadas con el test de actitudes alimentarias (EAT-40) y el inventario de trastornos alimentarios (EDI), a los cuales se añadieron preguntas relativas al embarazo e historia de TCA. Resultados: 23,4 por ciento de las encuestadas obtuvieron puntajes en rango patológico de EAT-40, donde la historia previa de TCA emerge como un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de un desorden alimentario en estas pacientes. Otras diferencias se observaron en los puntajes del EAT-40, el EDI y todas sus subescalas. Conclusión: La cifra alcanzada para conductas anormales de alimentación supera ampliamente a la planteada para TCA clínicos, los que además reflejan tendencia a la cronicidad aun en el embarazo. Se requieren estudios adicionales que orienten a los profesionales de salud en la prevención, detección y tratamiento de los TCA en el embarazo.


Background: According to the impact of eating disorders on pregnant women, most evidence shows negative pre and post natal consequences for the mother and the fetus. Objective: To determine the presence of abnormal eating behaviors in pregnant women controlled in primary care, and to describe and compare eating disordered patients in relation to the pregnancy, maternal, psychological and behavioral characteristics. Method: The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) and a questionnaire about demographic and pregnancy data and previous history of eating disorders were administered to 141 pregnant women. Results: 23.4 percent of the polled women scored within the pathological range of EAT-40, in whom the prior history of eating disorders emerged as the most important factor of risk to develop an eating disorder in these patients. Furthermore, considerable differences were seen in the average of EAT-40 scores and in the EDI and its all subscales. Conclusion: The percentage of pregnant women who displayed abnormal eating behaviors exceeds the rate described in literature for clinical eating disorders. Besides, it reflect tendency to be a chronic disease even in pregnancy. Additional studies are required to help health personnel to prevent, detect and treat women with eating disorders in pregnancy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Primary Health Care , Anorexia/epidemiology , Bulimia/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Chile/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Feeding and Eating Disorders/prevention & control , Prenatal Care , Psychological Tests , Risk Assessment , Socioeconomic Factors
5.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 31(2): 65-71, abr.-jun. 1999.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-333171

ABSTRACT

Data concerning the effect of very low concentrations of metals on citric acid production by microorganisms, as well as on the activity of enzymes presumptively involved in the process, are confuse. The bulk of information was obtained mainly studying selected strains of Aspergillus niger. Information concerning other citric acid producer filamentous fungi, such as A. wentii, is scanty. In the present article we report the effect of different cations on the growth pattern of A. wentii P1 as well as on the related citric acid production and the activity of several enzymes. It was found that without any addition to the culture medium the fungus developed a pelleted form of growth, pellets being about 1.5 mm in diameter. The citric acid yield was about 90. The addition of Cu2+ impaired the sugar uptake, as well as the production of citric acid and biomass. The uptake of sugar increased in the presence of Zn2+, and there was a marked increase of the biomass production, which could account for the low citric acid production. The addition of Fe2+ impaired the citric acid production and, as sulfate, the sugar uptake. The presence of Fe3+ markedly impaired the citric acid production and increased the sugar uptake. There is no agreement about the enzymes involved in the accumulation of citric acid by microorganisms. In spite of this, aconitase (Ac), isocitrate lyase (IL), isocitrate dehydrogenase NAD(+)-dependent (ICDH- NAD+) and isocitrate dehydrogenase NADP(+)-dependent (ICDH-NADP+) are often postulated as key enzymes. In our case, these enzymes were active during the standard fermentation, although with variations, particularly concerning Ac and IL. The behavior of enzymes might be different when tested in vivo or in vitro, mainly from the quantitative point of view. Nevertheless, the activity determined in vitro might give some indication concerning the effect on fermentation of substances present in the medium. It was found that all the enzymes tested increased their activity in the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+. The addition of Cu2+ improved the activity of Ac, IL and ICDH-NADP+, while that of ICDH-NAD+ was impaired. The presence of Zn2+ decreased the activity of the enzymes excepting that of ICDH-NADP+ which increased. It must be pointed out that according to these results there are differences concerning the behavior of ICDH-NAD+ and ICDH-NADP+ in the presence of Cu2+ or Zn2+.


Subject(s)
Citric Acid/metabolism , Aspergillus , Trace Elements , Aconitate Hydratase , Aspergillus , Carbohydrates , Copper , Fermentation/drug effects , Iron , Isocitrate Dehydrogenase , Isocitrate Lyase , Isoenzymes , Bacterial Proteins/analysis , Zinc
7.
Educ. méd. contin ; (53): 2-6, dic. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-188627

ABSTRACT

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos con el dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) T de cobre 220 C (TCu 220 C)que fue insertado inmediatamente al alumbramiento en un grupo de 81 mujeres que culminaron su embarazo por vía vaginal (n=19). La tasa de expulsión de este DIU fue del 9.7 por ciento luego de un parto normal y no se produjeron expulsiones luego de su inserción transcesárea. No se presentaron problemas hemorrágicos infecciosos o perforaciones uterinas atribuibles a la inserción del DIU y en el 92 por ciento de mujeres que culminaron el seguimiento establecido, no se presentaron embarazos. Se concluye que la alta retención intrauterina del DIU en esta serie fue consecuencia de una adecuada técnica de inserción, el uso de un modelo idóneo y un cercano seguimiento de las portadoras.- Que esta alternativa en anticoncepción es segura ya que no se incrementa la morbilidad infecciosa o hemorragica puerperal, y es eficáz pues no se produjeron embarazos, debiendo alentarse su empleo dada la gran motivación que alcanza la mujer para regular su fertilidad al culminar el embarazo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Contraception/methods , Intrauterine Devices/statistics & numerical data
8.
Rev. chil. cir ; 44(3): 332-5, sept. 1992. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-116068

ABSTRACT

Se analiza las complicaciones urológicas en los pacientes sometidos a trasplante renal (362 pacientes) en nuestro Hospital. De éstos, 25 pacientes (6,9%) presentaron complicaciones urológicas en la cual fue necesario realizar algún tipo de intervención quirúrgica para su manejo y resolución. La complicación más frecuente es la fístula urinaria (3,03%) seguido de la obstrucción de la vía urinaria (2,76%). Se enumeran además, las técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas para su manejo y resolución. Hubo pérdida de un injerto por esta complicación y no hubo mortalidad en la serie


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Urologic Diseases/etiology , Urinary Fistula/etiology , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Urethral Obstruction/etiology , Postoperative Complications
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